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Info needed: USAAF phrases and codewords

Discussion in 'Information Requests' started by Markus Becker, Oct 24, 2011.

  1. Markus Becker

    Markus Becker Member

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    I´m looking for info on how US pilots talked to each other and their ground controllers over the radio. The RAF was using certain codewords. For example 'angels 15' meant an altitude of 15k feet. Anybody knowing the phrases the USAAF used for altitude, speed, course, enemy fighters ect? If for example a ground controller wanted to vector in fighters for an intercept, what would he have said?
     
  2. 1ST Chutes

    1ST Chutes Member

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    Angels=Thousand feet

    Cherubs= hundreds feet
     
  3. Biak

    Biak Boy from Illinois Staff Member

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    Hope this helps:
    edit: Forgot the link: http://www.kensmen.com/history.html#articles
    (didn't want ya' to think I actually knew all these.)
    "The code name system was started in 1942 to simplify the identification of Japanese aircraft as they were sighted. Generally speaking, boy's code names were given to fighters, while girl's names were assigned to bombers. An outstanding example of a Japanese fighter was the Mitsubishi Navy Type 0 Carrier Fighter. This famous fighter was code named "Zeke." The fact that "Zeke" and "Zero" are similar sounding is coincidental. And of course we all know of the role the Zero played in the Pearl harbor attack.
    [TABLE]
    [TR]
    [TD]Alf:[/TD]
    [TD]Kawanishi E7K2 Seaplane[/TD]
    [/TR]
    [TR]
    [TD]Betty:[/TD]
    [TD]Mitsubishi G4M2a Bomber[/TD]
    [/TR]
    [TR]
    [TD]Cedar:[/TD]
    [TD]Tachikawa Ki-17 Support AC[/TD]
    [/TR]
    [TR]
    [TD]Claude:[/TD]
    [TD] Mitsubishi A5M4 Fighter[/TD]
    [/TR]
    [TR]
    [TD]Emily:[/TD]
    [TD]Kawanishi H8K2 Seaplane[/TD]
    [/TR]
    [TR]
    [TD]Frances:[/TD]
    [TD]Yokosuka P1Y1 Ginga Bomber[/TD]
    [/TR]
    [TR]
    [TD]Frank:[/TD]
    [TD]Nakajima Ki-84-Ia Hayate Fighter[/TD]
    [/TR]
    [TR]
    [TD]George:[/TD]
    [TD]Kawanishi N1K1-J Shiden Fighter[/TD]
    [/TR]
    [TR]
    [TD]Helen:[/TD]
    [TD]Nakajima Ki-49-IIb Donryu Bomber[/TD]
    [/TR]
    [TR]
    [TD]Ida:[/TD]
    [TD]Tachikawa Ki-36 Support AC[/TD]
    [/TR]
    [TR]
    [TD]Irving:[/TD]
    [TD]Nakajima J1N1-C Gekko Support AC[/TD]
    [/TR]
    [TR]
    [TD]Jack:[/TD]
    [TD]Mitsubishi J2M3 Raiden Fighter[/TD]
    [/TR]
    [TR]
    [TD]Jake:[/TD]
    [TD]Aichi E13A1 Seaplane[/TD]
    [/TR]
    [TR]
    [TD]Jean:[/TD]
    [TD]Yokosuka B4Y1 Support AC[/TD]
    [/TR]
    [TR]
    [TD]Jill:[/TD]
    [TD]Nakajima B6N2 Tenzan Bomber[/TD]
    [/TR]
    [TR]
    [TD]Judy:[/TD]
    [TD]Yokosuka D4Y3 Suisei Bomber[/TD]
    [/TR]
    [TR]
    [TD]Kate:[/TD]
    [TD]Nakajima B5N2 Bomber[/TD]
    [/TR]
    [TR]
    [TD]Lorna:[/TD]
    [TD]Kyushu Q1W1 Tokai Support AC[/TD]
    [/TR]
    [TR]
    [TD]Myrt:[/TD]
    [TD]Nakajima C6N1 Saiun Support AC[/TD]
    [/TR]
    [TR]
    [TD]Nate:[/TD]
    [TD]Nakajima Ki-27b Fighter[/TD]
    [/TR]
    [TR]
    [TD]Nell:[/TD]
    [TD]Mitsubishi G3M2 Bomber[/TD]
    [/TR]
    [TR]
    [TD]Oscar:[/TD]
    [TD]Nakajima Ki-43-IIb Hayabusa Fighter[/TD]
    [/TR]
    [TR]
    [TD]Pete:[/TD]
    [TD]Mitsubishi F1M2 Seaplane[/TD]
    [/TR]
    [TR]
    [TD]Rufe:[/TD]
    [TD]Nakajima A6M2-N Seaplane[/TD]
    [/TR]
    [TR]
    [TD]Spruce:[/TD]
    [TD]Tachikawa Ki-9 Support AC[/TD]
    [/TR]
    [TR]
    [TD]Susie:[/TD]
    [TD]Aichi D1A2 Bomber[/TD]
    [/TR]
    [TR]
    [TD]Thora:[/TD]
    [TD]Nakajima Ki-34 Support AC[/TD]
    [/TR]
    [TR]
    [TD]Tillie:[/TD]
    [TD]Kawanishi H6K5 Seaplane[/TD]
    [/TR]
    [TR]
    [TD]Tojo:[/TD]
    [TD]Nakajima Ki-44-IIb Shoki Fighter[/TD]
    [/TR]
    [TR]
    [TD]Val:[/TD]
    [TD]Aichi D3A2 Bomber[/TD]
    [/TR]
    [TR]
    [TD]Zeke/Zero:[/TD]
    [TD]Mitsubishi A6M5 Reisen Fighter[/TD]
    [/TR]
    [/TABLE]

    Just for fun;

    5th AAF WWII Slang
    [h=3]SLANG USED IN THE 5TH AAF IN THE SWPA DURING WW2[/h]INTRODUCTION: Slang was not really curse words. It was a substitute for regular words or phrases that lent emphasis (comical, serious, or otherwise) to a conversation. An example would be an aircraft accident report where the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) states that the accident was caused by “Pilot Error.” If this is true, the flying fraternity would know exactly what was wrong: The pilot simply “had his head up his a--.” While this may sound obscene to some, it is not obscenity in the true sense of the word. We welcome additions to this list of slang terms. Be sure they are not curse words, and that they were associated with the flying fraternity, either flying or ground crew, or administration. ---Shad Shaddox
    [TABLE]
    [TR]
    [TD]Ack-ack[/TD]
    [TD]An antiaircraft gun; also, and especially, antiaircraft fire[/TD]
    [/TR]
    [TR]
    [TD]Big Time Operator[/TD]
    [TD](BTO)[/TD]
    [/TR]
    [TR]
    [TD]Bandit[/TD]
    [TD]Enemy aircraft[/TD]
    [/TR]
    [TR]
    [TD]Big-A-Bird[/TD]
    [TD]A term sometimes applied by the Port Moresby natives to the B-24s when they first made their appearance in that area.[/TD]
    [/TR]
    [TR]
    [TD]Bogie[/TD]
    [TD]see 'bandit'[/TD]
    [/TR]
    [TR]
    [TD]Cat[/TD]
    [TD]Catalina Flying Boat[/TD]
    [/TR]
    [TR]
    [TD]Dear John (Letter)[/TD]
    [TD]A letter from a sweetheart at home saying she is no longer interested.[/TD]
    [/TR]
    [TR]
    [TD]Doug’s Dug Out[/TD]
    [TD]An uncomplimentary term for the residences of General Douglass McArthur and his family. First in Australia, then later at a well-appointed plantation owner’s house in Port Moresby[/TD]
    [/TR]
    [TR]
    [TD]Dug-Out Doug[/TD]
    [TD]The uncomplimentary term for General Douglass McArthur[/TD]
    [/TR]
    [TR]
    [TD]Fair Dinkum[/TD]
    [TD]An Aussie term meaning (generally) a fair deal[/TD]
    [/TR]
    [TR]
    [TD]Fat Cat[/TD]
    [TD]1) A person in, or associated with the military living in safe and sometimes luxurious conditions. (A term often applied to personnel assigned to posts in Australia, including Red Cross personnel.) 2) An aircraft assigned to fly to and from fat cat areas.[/TD]
    [/TR]
    [TR]
    [TD]Feather, to[/TD]
    [TD]To place a propeller in an edge-on position to the direction of flight to cut down on the wind resistance (with engine stopped.)[/TD]
    [/TR]
    [TR]
    [TD]Flying Prostitute[/TD]
    [TD]Term applied to the twin-engine Martin B-26. This aircraft had a small wing area, and was said to have “No Visible Means Of Support.” A high performance aircraft for its day, and requiring great skill to fly.[/TD]
    [/TR]
    [TR]
    [TD]George[/TD]
    [TD]A term sometimes used by green pilots for the Automatic Pilot. ( “Let George Do it”).[/TD]
    [/TR]
    [TR]
    [TD]Gibson Girl[/TD]
    [TD]Emergency hand cranked radio, so called because it was shaped to be held between the knees while cranking. The shape reminded the guys of the turn of the century, pinched waist, corseted pin-up girls of the same name[/TD]
    [/TR]
    [TR]
    [TD]Gone West[/TD]
    [TD]A term first use in WW1 aviation circles meaning a person had died.[/TD]
    [/TR]
    [TR]
    [TD]Had It[/TD]
    [TD]That is, "I’ve had it", "he's had it", and so on. In some cases it inferred a disastrous ending[/TD]
    [/TR]
    [TR]
    [TD]Hangar Queen[/TD]
    [TD]An aircraft with an unenviably bad maintenance record. An aircraft spending a great deal of time being repaired or maintained.[/TD]
    [/TR]
    [TR]
    [TD]Head Up and Locked[/TD]
    [TD]A term applied to a person reacting stupidly to an emergency. (“He had his head locked up his a--”)[/TD]
    [/TR]
    [TR]
    [TD]Head Up his a--[/TD]
    [TD]same as above[/TD]
    [/TR]
    [TR]
    [TD]Hot Pilot[/TD]
    [TD]Self explanatory[/TD]
    [/TR]
    [TR]
    [TD]JANFU[/TD]
    [TD]Joint Army Navy F--- Up[/TD]
    [/TR]
    [TR]
    [TD]Jungle Juice[/TD]
    [TD]Alcoholic liquor made with what ever is handy around camp. Some good, some not so good. Fresh or dehydrated potatoes, raisins, dried or fresh fruit, or most anything when mixed with sugar and allowed to ferment would become and alcoholic drink of questionable quality, but alcoholic, nonetheless. Those persons with material to make stills could turn this into a very strong hard liquor.[/TD]
    [/TR]
    [TR]
    [TD]Knocked Up[/TD]
    [TD]Tired or exhausted in Australia; pregnant in the U.S[/TD]
    [/TR]
    [TR]
    [TD]Mae West[/TD]
    [TD]Life jacket[/TD]
    [/TR]
    [TR]
    [TD]Ninety-Day Wonder[/TD]
    [TD]A 2nd Lt. who has received his commission by (usually) going through the Officer Candidate School (OCS)[/TD]
    [/TR]
    [TR]
    [TD]On the Beam[/TD]
    [TD]Flying the old radio beam. A sometimes life-saving procedure while flying entirely on instruments and listening to the sound of radio beam signals. A pilot had to depend entirely on what he heard while believing religiously in his previous “Under-the-hood” instrument training. Room does not exist here for a description this pilot skill deserves. Perhaps another place and another time.[/TD]
    [/TR]
    [TR]
    [TD]On The Step[/TD]
    [TD]An in-flight condition for a B-24 where the aircraft is accelerated to slightly above its normal cruising speed, then trimmed so that it is flying in a slightly nose-down condition, When the aircraft center of gravity (CG) was properly adjusted fore and aft, and aerodynamically trimmed, the ship would generally maintain a slightly higher cruising speed until disturbed. (AUTHOR’S NOTE: In writing this description of “on the step” the author realizes it will open up a Pandora’s Box of rebuttals. Some pilots say this is just B.S. Others will swear that you could get a ship up on the step. So have fun with this one.)(WEBMASTER'S NOTE: yeah, take it to the message board!)[/TD]
    [/TR]
    [TR]
    [TD]Pucker Factor[/TD]
    [TD]A term applied to describe the tenseness or danger level of a situation. A high pucker factor could make your old rear end cut donuts out of your seat pack parachute[/TD]
    [/TR]
    [TR]
    [TD]Putt-Putt[/TD]
    [TD]The single-cylinder auxiliary pour plant that provided emergency or additional electrical power[/TD]
    [/TR]
    [TR]
    [TD]Run-Away Prop[/TD]
    [TD]A propeller out of control and stuck in the high speed setting. A truly dangerous condition any time, but especially so on take off[/TD]
    [/TR]
    [TR]
    [TD]Sharp[/TD]
    [TD]Term applied to a pilot or other crew member who has quick and accurate responses to all requirements for his position[/TD]
    [/TR]
    [TR]
    [TD]Sheila[/TD]
    [TD]'Girlfriend' or 'girl'[/TD]
    [/TR]
    [TR]
    [TD]She’ll Be Right in a Fortnight or 18 Days[/TD]
    [TD]A delightful Aussie saying which meant, not to worry, things will be better in about a couple of week, or so[/TD]
    [/TR]
    [TR]
    [TD]Short Snorter[/TD]
    [TD]One or more bills of currency (usually starting with an American dollar bill) signed by two or more persons and dated. The Short Snorter usually inferred that the owner had crossed the Equator, but not necessarily so. It was loosely understood that if an air crew member offered to exchange signatures, and the other could not produce a Short Snorter, then he had to buy the drinks at the nearest bar. Short Snorters were a great way to get acquainted. As different kinds of currency were acquired in one's travels, it was not unusual for two members of the great flying fraternity to swap examples, whereupon the new bills would be glued to the end of an ever-growing Short Snorter[/TD]
    [/TR]
    [TR]
    [TD]Stand down, to[/TD]
    [TD]To not fly a particular day, mission, etc...[/TD]
    [/TR]
    [TR]
    [TD]Sweat[/TD]
    [TD]Used in combination with other words, such as: “No Sweat!”, or “Lot’sa Sweat!” This was a very descriptive term meaning exactly what it said. It originated in 1939 or the early 1940’s in the many flight training school s that grew up at that time. The flight training was notoriously tough, and the students were worked by their training instructors almost to the breaking point. In West Texas, California, and other places where the flight training schools were clustered, the airplane cockpit, coupled with the hard-driving instructor, kept the student in a real state of sweat. The students flight clothes, socks and shoes, together with his seat pack parachute could very well become soaking wet with sweat at the end of a brisk period of instruction. When the student would finally get to the showers in the barracks, and a buddy would ask how it went, the student would just as likely say, “S---, that was a no-sweat flight!” Then, his buddy would look at the dried-up salt residue on this guy’s flight suit, and he would know he was hearing that it had really been a tough day, but his friend believed he had survived to fly another day![/TD]
    [/TR]
    [TR]
    [TD]Tail-End Charlie[/TD]
    [TD]The last airplane in a bombing formation[/TD]
    [/TR]
    [TR]
    [TD]Washed Out[/TD]
    [TD]Failure to make the grade in a flying school[/TD]
    [/TR]
    [TR]
    [TD]Washing Machine[/TD]
    [TD]The mysterious and fearsome flying school administration as it descended on a hapless student to inform him he was being dropped from flight training[/TD]
    [/TR]
    [TR]
    [TD]Washing Machine Charlie[/TD]
    [TD]A term applied, along with copious cuss words to a lone Japanese aircraft buzzing endlessly back and forth across an area, while only occasionally dropping a small bomb, The purpose being to keep the camp awake and in a nervous state. One Japanese airplane this author remembers sounded just like an old Maytag washing machine powered by a small gasoline engine- thus, the name[/TD]
    [/TR]
    [TR]
    [TD]White Knuckle[/TD]
    [TD]A white-knuckle flight was a tense, attention –absorbing flight. It could result from flying in rough weather on instruments, or on a bombing run[/TD]
    [/TR]
    [/TABLE]
     
  4. Fred Wilson

    Fred Wilson "The" Rogue of Rogues

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  5. Markus Becker

    Markus Becker Member

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    Thanks to all!
     
  6. Colonel FOG

    Colonel FOG Member

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    @Biak - Nice list! Suggested additions/mods:
    1) The B-26 Marauder was called "The Widowmaker" and "The Baltimore Whore"... I believe it was the F-104 which was first called "Flying Prostitute".
    2) SNAFU = Situation Normal - All Fouled Up
    3) SOP = Standard Operating Procedure
    4) Jerry-rigged = Any reasonable effort made to use a means other than a standard repair in order to make a broken piece of equipment functional again. Think: "duct tape on a canopy" or a "hosiery fanbelt".
     
  7. Poppy

    Poppy grasshopper

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    From my experience, the 104 was the widowmaker. Think maybe I had heard the b26 referred to as the widow maker too but not as flying prostitute -just Baltimore whore because it was designed there?... And my experience has been "Jury rigged". Had asked about Gerry rigged and some here had never heard. Also asked about "Gerry cans" which were German fuel cans.
     
  8. brndirt1

    brndirt1 Saddle Tramp

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    The Lockheed F-104 Starfighter had a number of derogatory names associated with it, including but not limited to; "missile with a man in it", "dirt nail", "widow maker", etc.. Even Chuck Yeagar had trouble with the thing, and he was probably the best "stick and rudder" man to ever strap on a set of wings. The early Maurder was a real handful, and a great many did prove too much for the pilots of the time, and it got a bad name until Jimmy Doolittle showed up and flew it with aplomb proving to the views of his demonstration it was a matter of training, not aircraft shortcoming. But I have never heard the "flying prostitute" name for the B-26 either. Initial crashes during training brought about wing area increases and changes in training, with the result that the B-26 ended up with the lowest attrition rate of all the bombers in the 9th Air Force. Not bad for a "widow maker".

    Here is something about "jury rigged/jerry rigged. OED= Oxford English Dictionary:

    "Jury-rigged", which means "assembled in a makeshift manner",
    is attested since 1788. It comes from "jury mast", a nautical term
    attested since 1616 for a temporary mast made from any available
    spar when the mast has broken or been lost overboard. The OED
    dubiously recorded a suggestion that this was short for "injury
    mast", but recent dictionaries say that it is probably from Old
    French ajurie="help or relief", from Latin adiutare="to aid"
    (the source of the English word "adjutant").

    "Jerry-built", which the OED defines as "built unsubstantially of
    bad materials; built to sell but not last" is attested since 1869,
    and is said to have arisen in Liverpool. It has been fancifully
    derived from the Biblical city of Jericho, whose walls came tumbling
    down; from the prophet Jeremiah, because he foretold decay; from the
    name of a building firm on the Mersey; from "jelly", signifying
    instability; from French jour="day" (workers paid day-by-day
    considered less likely to do a good job); and from the Romany
    gerry="excrement". More likely, it is linked to earlier
    pejorative uses of the name Jerry ("jerrymumble", to knock about,
    1721; "Jerry Sneak", a henpecked husband, 1764; "jerry", a cheap
    beer house, 1861); and it may have been influenced by "jury-rigged".

    "Jerry" as British slang for "a German, especially a German
    soldier" is not attested until 1898 and is unconnected with
    "jerry-built".


    Goto:


    AUE: FAQ excerpt: "jerry-built"/"jury-rigged"
     
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  9. Poppy

    Poppy grasshopper

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    Dirt nail. Excellent....The book I'm reading said the Germans were unhappy with the penetration of the 7mm engine mounted MG's on their ME 109's when intercepting bombers. They called them "door knockers" which I thought was funny.
     
  10. Poppy

    Poppy grasshopper

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